托�？谡Z校園對話題閱讀部分的變化趨勢

　　備考托福的同學對于口語校園對話題（改革后的task2）一般是愛恨交加的。喜歡它的同學會認為這是四道口語題中相對容易拿分的題型，閱讀文章內容難度以及聽力對話都還比較容易理解。不喜歡它的同學會認為基于對一些場景信息不了解、不熟悉，以及聽力中男女學生語速偏快等原因，不理解閱讀文章主旨以及聽得一頭霧水。

　　所以針對校園對話題，除了積累場景知識和聽力速記能力的培養外，對于閱讀文章的理解就至關重要。只有看懂了文章，才可以預判接下來的聽力對話內容。在45秒的閱讀時間里，快速找到關鍵信息就需要掌握對于文章結構的把握能力。今天我們就來聊聊閱讀的結構，以及最近今年幾場考試的一些變化趨勢。

　　常規結構：文章主題+ 2個理由或者2個補充細節

　　閱讀的主題的位置一般會出現在文章的標題或者開頭段。接著會就這個主題來解釋為什么學校會這樣做（比如通知類）。緊接著通過2點理由/補充來進行說明，這也是大部分的文章類型。

　　案例TPO25

　　Split Graduation

　　Traditionally, the university holds one ceremony for all graduating students, during which students are awarded their diplomas. Beginning this year, however, the university will hold two graduation ceremonies. Under the new arrangement, half the graduating students will participate in the first ceremony, and the other half will participate in a second ceremony to be held the following day. Administrators cite two reasons for the change. First, the number of students has increased in recent years, and since diplomas are awarded individually, the single ceremony has become uncomfortably long. Also, the hall where the ceremony is held is too small to accommodate the growing audience of friends and family members.

　　通過結構，我們可以快速知道文章主旨是拆分畢業典禮，從原先一場變為兩場。理由是

　　1. 學生人數增多導致典禮時間過長，禮堂太小容納不下如此多的來賓觀眾。

　　但是，在分析最近的校園對話文章的時候，我們發現一些改變在悄然出現。

　　Gap Year Program

　　Starting next year, Springdale University will allow new students to postpone their enrollment for one year after being accepted. Students who decide to take this extra year before starting their regular academic studies will be expected to participate in internships or in a program of community service or research, either in this country or abroad. According to admissions director Dana Smith." This program will give students more time to explore potential careers（理由） before they begin their studies." To allow interested students to take this opportunity, some funding has been set aside（補充信息） to support students who submit detailed plans and demonstrate financial need.

　　University to Create a Career Skills Requirement

　　Beginning next year, the university will introduce a new requirement for graduation: all students must complete a two-day career skills workshop. The workshop is intended to benefit students by providing them with valuable information and skills necessary to find a job after graduation（理由）. The workshop will include seminars on resume writing and job interviewing, among others. For students' convenience. the course will be offered twice yearly（補充信息）-once at the beginning of the summer, on the weekend after final exams end, and once at the end of the summer, on the weekend before classes begin.

　　上面兩題大家可以發現，一篇通告的主體意思說完之后，不是兩個原因或者兩個補充，而可能是一個原因加一個補充信息。

再看一道比較特殊的結構：

　　Individual Final Presentation

　　Dear students,

　　Originally, I was planning to have you all work in groups to do the final presentations for our class. However, some students have expressed concern that assigning the same grade to everyone in a group may be unfair because some students may contribute more work to the project than others（理由1）. So I’ve given it some thought and have decided that the group presentations will be replaced by individual presentations. Also, since research and public speaking skills are essential for a successful business career, creating an entire presentation individually will better enable each of you to practice and develop theses skills（理由2）.

　　See you in class,

　　Professor Smith

　　大家會發現這篇結構更加特殊，把第一個理由提前說，然后引出新的改變內容，再接著羅列第二個理由。