開頭段：簡單介紹文章背景，現在的社會面臨交通堵塞的問題。盡管現代信息技術可以通過促進遠程辦公和電信業務減少對機械運輸的需求，但是交通運輸量仍在增加。對客運而言，決定性因素是汽車使用的驚人增長。自1990至2010年，歐盟道路上的汽車數量經歷了每年三百萬量的增長，并且在未來十年劍歐盟將見證車輛數量的進一步增長。

With the ever-increasing speed of urban development, the volume of road traffic has become out of control. Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase. The number of car use on the roads saw an increase of 3 million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the next decade the EU will see a further substantial increase in its feet. （原話稍作修改，用在這里）This essay will explore the factors contributing to this situation and some possible measures that can be taken to address this problem.

主體段第一段：開始論述交通堵塞的原因一，越來越多的城市居民因為私家車的方便購置了私家車，導致私家車數量大幅上漲。

To start with, the determing factor is the spectacular growth in car use. （原話稍作修改，用在這里）Currently, more citizens can afford the purchase of private cars which offer them great convenience. Instead of taking unpunctual buses or overcrowded metro to work, people now have the alternative to commute using their own cars. Undeniably, this new trend inevitably deteriorates the traffic situation.

主體段第二段：論述交通堵塞的原因二，大城市的工作機會更多，工作的發展前景更好，吸引了大量的外來人口。外來人口數量過大，而公共交通又跟不上發展。

Another element of the high traffic volume is the over-population in major cities. Offering more job opportunities and better career prospects, metropolises have attracted millions of people from other parts working in urban areas. What's worse, the public transportation systems in those cities cannot keep pace with the rapidly growing needs of residents, giving rise to the traffic problem subsequently.

主體段第三段：開始論述交通堵塞的解決方法一，就是要給公路加價，這可以在短期內控制私家車的增長速度。

The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing. In the short term, it might curb the growth in road transport through the better loading ratio of goods vehicles and occupancy rates of passenger vehicles expected as a result of the increase in the price of transport.（原句用在這里）

主體段第四段：論述交通堵塞的解決方法二，開發其他的交通模式，并且提高它們的效率。

The second approach also concentrates on the road transport pricing but is accompanied by the measures to increase the efficiency of other modes. However, this approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor does it guarantee better regional cohesion.（原句用在這里）

主體段第五段：論述交通堵塞的解決方法三，包括一系列舉措，從定價到激活其他運輸方式以及對道路網絡進行定向投資。這種方法遠比表面看上去更加宏偉，不會對人員和貨物的流動性造成限制，但是會顯著削弱道路運輸增長和經濟增長之間的聯系。

The third approach comprises a series of measures ranging from pricing to revitalizing modes of transport and targeting investment in the network. It is far more ambitious than it looks, bearing in mind the historical imbalance in favor of roads for the last fifty years, but would achieve a marked break in the link between road transport growth and economic growth, without placing restrictions on the mobility of people and goods.（原句用在這里）

結尾段：總結上文，所以為了解決這一問題，使用替代燃料以提升能源效率和改革道路政策既是生態的需要，也是技術的挑戰。同時為了實現這一模式的轉變，人們必須做出更多努力。這樣的轉變不是一夜之間就可以實現的，畢竟半個多世紀以來公路的狀況持續惡化。

Therefore, the over-crowding of city roads is the result of unbalanced urban development. Using alternative fuels to improve energy efficiency and reforming the road policy is thus both an ecologically necessary and a technological challenge. At the same time, greater efforts must be made to achieve a modal shift. Such a change cannot be achieved overnight, all the less so after over half a century of constant deterioration in favor of road