這一篇文章我們說(shuō)的是劍9 Test 4 Reading Passage 3， The development of museums博物館的發(fā)展。開頭段就說(shuō)了Museums used to look- and some still do- much look like storage rooms of objects packed together in showcases: good for scholars who wanted to study the subtle differences in design, but not for the ordinary visitors, to whom it all looked alike.

過(guò)去，博物館看起來(lái)就像是儲(chǔ)藏室，里面集中放了包裹好的物品，這對(duì)那些想要研究的人來(lái)說(shuō)很有用，但對(duì)普通人來(lái)說(shuō)，是這些東西放起來(lái)都一樣。

博物館在娛樂(lè)方面的作用：

1）Recently, however, attitudes towards history and the way it should be presented have altered. The key word in heritage display is now "experience", the more exciting the better and, if possible, involving all senses. On so-called heritage sites the re-enactment of historical events is increasing popular, and computers will soon provide virtual reality experiences, which will present visitors with a vivid image of the period of their choices, in which they themselves can act as if part of the historical environment. 近來(lái)，人們對(duì)歷史呈現(xiàn)方式的態(tài)度有所改變。如今，遺產(chǎn)展覽的關(guān)鍵詞"體驗(yàn)"，而且越刺激越好，如果可能，還要觸動(dòng)各種感官。在所謂的遺產(chǎn)地，歷史事件的重演越來(lái)越受到人們的歡迎，電腦也可以提供虛擬的現(xiàn)實(shí)體驗(yàn)。參觀者選定一個(gè)時(shí)期，該時(shí)期的生動(dòng)畫面就會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，使參觀者身臨其境。

2）

博物館在教育方面也有一定的作用：

1）illuminate the culture and history, such as British Museum, which provides visitors with all-round knowledge about the world culture and arts, collections in it 闡明文化和歷史，讓人類了解世界文化和藝術(shù)。

trace the development of civilization throughout the history of mankind 追溯人類文明的發(fā)展

2）博物館里收藏了大量物品（house a large collection of selected objects），用于展覽，人們不能夠觸摸（forbid physical contact）。博物館還提供藏品的歷史講解（provide historic interpretation）

3）博物館關(guān)注當(dāng)?shù)匚幕�（concentrate on the host region's culture），教育后人（shoulder the responsibility to preserve and carry forward a country's traditional culture）

4）Museum is a place to best represent the meaning of education: to inspire. The key purpose of museums and their related activities promote people's interests and encourage them to learn voluntarily. 博物館里的展品可以啟發(fā)人們思考，增加他們的興趣。

5）博物館一般注重特定的主題（concentrate on a particular subject, such as ethnology, anthropology），這些對(duì)于普通人而言是陌生和枯燥的（unfamiliar, abstract and boring）。

發(fā)展博物館要注意的問(wèn)題：

However, exhibits must be both based on artifacts and facts as we know them, and attractively presented. Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus in a difficult position, as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of evidence and attractiveness, especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry for income- generating market. 但是，展覽必須以文物和事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，并將他們以吸引人的方式呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。因此，那些專業(yè)從事全是歷史這門藝術(shù)的人面臨著這樣的一個(gè)困難，他們既要展示出事實(shí)，又要滿足參觀者對(duì)于吸引力的要求，并在兩者之間找到平衡，特別是考慮到歷史遺產(chǎn)對(duì)于創(chuàng)收活動(dòng)不斷增長(zhǎng)的需求。

現(xiàn)在很多博物館還開設(shè)了不同的服務(wù)（operas, concerts, lectures and videos）來(lái)增加收入（increase income by increasing attendance）